The chondrocytes are arranged in a columnar fashion, parallel to the collagen fibers. This layer has the highest proportion of proteoglycan and lowest concentration of water. The collagen fibrils are large in diameter and aligned perpendicular to the articular surface. Chondrocytes in this layer are more rounded. The collagen fibrils are thicker and aligned loosely and not in parallel to the surface. The middle zone makes up 40% to 60% of the articular cartilage volume. The chondrocytes in this zone are elongated in shape. The collagen fibrils are densely packed and are aligned in a highly organized manner parallel to the articular surface. It forms around 10% to 20% of articular cartilage thickness and has the highest collagen content of all the zones. This cartilage covers the articular surface and has a smooth contour that allows gliding of the ends of the bones and resists shear. This cartilage is often described in terms of four zones between the articular surface and the subchondral bone which include: The surface or superficial tangential zone Articular cartilageĪrticular cartilage is the hyaline cartilage that lies on the surface of bones. Fibrocartilageįibrocartilage is a tough and inflexible form of cartilage found in the knee and between vertebrae. ![]() Elastic cartilageĮlastic cartilage is more flexible that hyaline cartilage and is present in the ear, larynx and epiglottis. It is a strong, rubbery, flexible tissue but has a poor regenerative capacity. ![]() This is a low-friction, wear-resistant tissue present within joints that is designed to bear and distribute weight. A cigarette smoke compound affects cartilage homeostasisĬartilage is categorized into three types which include: Hyaline cartilage.Eating fish and seafood reduces risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
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